Inverclyde, Burnley and Hartlepool are amongst most affordable areas in Britain, says the Nationwide.

Kensington and Chelsea, Oxford and Cambridge are the least affordable.

The north of England has smallest gap between least and most affordable areas in the region while London has largest.

Around 70% of local authorities have seen an improvement in affordability over the last year, with Islington seeing the biggest improvement.

And a 10% deposit on a first-time buyer property is between £10,000 and £25,000 in over half of local authorities.

Andrew Harvey, Nationwide’s senior economist, says: “Affordability has improved across all regions in Great Britain over the past year, helping to support first-time buyer activity. 

“However, it is important to recognise there is also considerable variation in affordability within regions and in this report we explore this further.

“We’ve updated our local affordability metrics, which use house price and earnings data from the Land Registry and ONS to give the most comprehensive view at a local level.

“London continues to have the greatest gap between the most and least affordable areas within the region by a considerable margin. Meanwhile, the North has the smallest difference between highest and lowest house price to earnings ratios (HPERs) by local authority area.”

He continues: “Kensington and Chelsea is the least affordable local authority in London and, by extension, Great Britain, with a House Price Earnings Ration (HPER) of 13.9.

“Oxford is the least affordable area in the Outer South East region, with first-time buyer house prices eight times average earnings. Meanwhile, academic rival Cambridge is the least affordable part of East Anglia, with average prices around £400,000 – much higher than other areas in the region.

“Spelthorne in Surrey is the least affordable local authority in the Outer Metropolitan region. Close to London, this is prime commuter territory and includes towns such as Staines-upon-Thames, Sunbury-on-Thames and Shepperton.

“In the South West, South Hams in Devon is a popular tourist location, taking in places such as Totnes, Dartmouth and Salcombe. However, with average prices nearly seven times average earnings, it is very challenging for local prospective first-time buyers.

“Meanwhile, in the East Midlands, Derbyshire Dales is one of the highest priced areas, with much of it sitting within the Peak District National Park, including towns such as Matlock, Ashbourne and Bakewell. Continuing the theme, Westmorland & Furness, which takes in significant swathes of the Lake District National Park, is the least affordable area in the North.

“Another sought after area is Stratford-on-Avon in Warwickshire, which is the highest price location in the West Midlands, with average first-time buyer house prices around £300,000. York remains the least affordable location within Yorkshire and the Humber, with a first-time buyer HPER of 5.4.

“Cardiff continues to be the least affordable part of Wales, with a first-time buyer HPER of 5.3. Meanwhile in Scotland, Midlothian has taken over from neighbouring Edinburgh as the least affordable area, with a first-time buyer HPER of 4.9.”

Inverclyde in Scotland is the most affordable local authority in Great Britain, with average first-time buyer house prices just 2.3 times average earnings in the area. Inverclyde includes Greenock and Port Glasgow and is also the cheapest area in Scotland, with average prices around £100,000.

Burnley and Hartlepool remain the most affordable areas in the North West and North regions respectively. Whilst in the West Midlands, Stoke-on-Trent continues to be the most affordable area, with a HPER of 3.4.

Kingston upon Hull is the most affordable local authority in Yorkshire and The Humber, with a HPER of 3.0. South of the river, West Lindsey in Lincolnshire is the most affordable part of the East Midlands.

Whilst further down the east coast, Great Yarmouth in Norfolk continues to have the lowest HPER in East Anglia and is also the lowest priced area in the region. 

Meanwhile, on the south coast, Gosport in Hampshire is the most affordable area in the Outer South East, with notably lower average prices than elsewhere at c£200,000.

Swindon remains the most affordable town in the South West, with a house price earnings ratio of 4.8. Meanwhile in the Outer Metropolitan region, Surrey Heath, which includes Camberley and Bagshot, is the most affordable area, due to relatively high earnings.

Bromley is the most affordable London borough, although its house price earnings of 6.2 is still higher than the majority of local authorities across the UK.

Where has affordability improved the most?

Around 70% of local authorities have seen an improvement in affordability over the last year. Some of the biggest improvements have been within the London boroughs, with some of this delivered through lower average prices. 

Nonetheless, house prices remain elevated relative to earnings, especially compared with other parts of the country.

Outside of London, Norwich saw the biggest improvement in affordability, with the first-time buyer HPER falling to 4.3, from 5.4 in 2024, driven by strong earnings growth.

Welwyn Hatfield in Hertfordshire also saw a significant improvement, with the first-time buyer HPER moving down to 6.6, from 7.6 in 2024, through a combination of higher earnings and lower average prices.

Where is raising a deposit most challenging?

The level of deposit required varies considerably by, and also within, region, reflecting differences in average house prices. We’ve explored this further, based on a 10% deposit on an average first-time buyer property in each local authority.

The chart below shows the distribution – a 10% deposit on a first-time buyer property is £15,000 or less in c10% of local authorities, while in nearly half of areas the average deposit is between £15,000 and £25,000.

Perhaps unsurprisingly, the top ten local authorities with the highest deposit requirement are all in London. Indeed, 26 out of the 36 local authorities where a 10% deposit is more than £40,000 are in the capital. 

The most challenging borough to raise a deposit is Kensington & Chelsea, reflecting average prices in excess of £1 million.

Meanwhile, around half of the local authorities where a 10% deposit is less than £15,000 are located in Scotland, which features heavily in the top 10 local authorities with the lowest deposit requirement. Inverclyde, East Ayrshire and Aberdeen are amongst the areas where raising a deposit is less burdensome.